What does 'Materialism: Behaviourism' assert about thoughts?

Materialism, particularly in the context of behaviorism, posits that mental states, including thoughts, can be understood in terms of observable behaviors rather than as independent phenomena. The assertion that thoughts are pre-behaviors influencing actions aligns with behaviorist theory, which maintains that internal mental states are not the primary focus; instead, the relationship between thoughts and behaviors is emphasized.

In behaviorism, thoughts are viewed as causal factors that precede and shape observable behaviors. This means that while thoughts may not be directly observable, they are understood to influence how an individual acts. This perspective supports the idea that thoughts lead to specific behaviors rather than considering thoughts and behaviors as wholly separate or disconnected.

On the other hand, the other choices present views that contrast with the behaviorist framework: asserting that thoughts are independent of behavior directly opposes the fundamental tenet of behaviorism, which seeks to link thoughts to actions. Likewise, suggesting that thoughts lead to internal reflections ignores the behaviorist emphasis on observable actions and external stimuli. Finally, proposing that thoughts have no impact on actions contradicts the essential behaviorist claim that mental states do influence behavior, even if indirectly through observable manifestations.

Thus, the assertion that thoughts are pre-behaviors influencing actions is consistent with material