What does "natural evil" refer to?

"Natural evil" specifically refers to suffering and harm that arise from natural events and phenomena, such as earthquakes, floods, disease, and other disasters that occur independently of human actions. This concept is fundamental in philosophical discussions about the nature of good and evil, particularly in the context of the problem of evil in theodicy.

When evaluating the other choices, it is important to clarify that "natural evil" is distinct from actions that are morally wrong or result directly from human behavior, which would fall under the category of moral evil. The existential aspect mentioned in another option focuses more on abstract concepts rather than tangible occurrences, while the choice related to personal choices emphasizes individual agency rather than uncontrollable natural events. Therefore, the correct understanding of "natural evil" aligns precisely with the consequences of natural occurrences that can lead to suffering, distinguishing it from the ethical and personal dimensions of evil.