Which of the following is NOT one of the four criteria of religious experiences according to William James?

William James outlined four criteria of religious experiences in his work "The Varieties of Religious Experience." These criteria are ineffable, noetic, transient, and passive. Understanding each term helps clarify why 'metaphysical' is not one of the criteria.

'Ineffable' refers to the idea that religious experiences often cannot be adequately expressed in words; they transcend ordinary language. 'Noetic' indicates that such experiences provide a kind of knowledge or insight that is unique and significant. 'Transient' highlights that these experiences are often temporary, lasting for only a short time but leaving a lasting impact on the individual's life. Lastly, 'passive' suggests that individuals do not actively create their religious experiences; rather, they are often seen as being influenced by a higher power or reality.

The term 'metaphysical,' while related to discussions of reality and existence, is not one of the criteria James identified. Instead, it is a broader philosophical category related to the nature of reality and being, without the specific dimensions James emphasized regarding the nature of religious experiences. Thus, identifying 'metaphysical' as not one of the four criteria aligns with an accurate understanding of James's framework around the nature of religious experiences.